Stem Cell Regeneration of Breasts by 2014 and Natural Fat Breast Augmentation Now

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Australia is starting in 2010 Trials with Regenerative Breast Procedure

Austrilian scientists are to begin revolutionary surgery trials (by April 2010) that will help breast cancer victims to regrow their breasts after undergoing a mastectomy.

The trial, to begin in Australia within the next six months, will involve implanting a device into a woman that enables fat tissue to grow by using a stem cell technique. The procedure, known as Neopec, could replace reconstructive surgery and breast implants within years.

During the operation, which was developed by scientists at the Bernard O’Brien Institute of Microsurgery in Melbourne, a 5ml dose of the woman’s own fat cells are implanted into an artificial, breast-shaped chamber in her chest. The container is attached to blood vessels under the arm enabling the cells to multiply and replace breast tissue.

The scientists have developed the technique over the past decade and have successfully tested it on pigs, which grew new breasts within six weeks. However, they predict that the process could take up to eight months in women.

The prototype trial wil involve six Australian women in early 2010 as a “proof of principle” to demonstrate that the body could regrow its own fat supply in the breast.

A second-phase trial would use international patients and would begin using the biodegradable chamber, which they hope to develop later in 2010.

The scientists received ethics approval from the St Vincent’s Hospital in Melbourne to conduct the three-year human trial, which will be paid for with a AUS$2.95 million (£1.66 million) government grant.

If successful, the technology could be available to breast cancer patients by 2014.

Dr Marzella said that using stem cells of fat tissue to regenerate body parts could also have wider scientific implications.

“We also envisage that in ten years’ time this approach could be open to cosmetic surgery and, if the principle works, then it could be used in the nose or other parts of the body for reconstructive surgery,” Dr Marzella said.

A Current Procedure involves Liposuction and Activation of Fat Stem Cells
Natural Breast Augmentation employs the latest technologic advances in fat harvesting, adult stem cell transfers and breast splinting technology to provide women the option of enlarging their breasts using their own fat. The technique results in breasts that look and feel smoother than conventional cosmetic surgery using implants. Stem cells enable the fat to grow its own blood supply, thus becoming an integral part of the breast rather than a foreign lump. Stem cells have the potential to change into any cells in the body; they are found in most tissues, especially fat.

Yet, recent advances in fat harvesting and transfer techniques, digital mammography, and the use of adipose derived adult stem and regenerative cells necessitate a re-examination of this longstanding bias against fat transfer breast augmentation

With Natural Breast Augmentation, fat is harvested and collected with Body-Jet fat harvesting device utilizing saddlebags, love handles, lower abdomen, buttocks and thighs for sites of fat donation. The procedure is unique in that we use the latest technologic advances in fat harvesting as well as adult stem cell transfers. Cell-enhanced reconstruction uses adipose fat that is a rich source of stem and regenerative cells. These stem cells are not the controversial embryonic stem cells. This new procedure uses a special process to ensure that the transplanted cells will live and adapt to the transplantation site (breasts).

After fat removal, the cells are transferred to the Stem Cell processing device which used to separate regenerative and stem cells from fat cells. The regenerative and stem cells are then washed, concentrated, and enzyme activated. The activated stem cell mixture is then combined with the fat cells and then injected into fat that is already present in the breast where it fills in and replaces tissue volume.

The injection of the fat along with the stem cells results in a permanent 250cc to 500cc overall breast size increase, allowing for a 1 or 2 bra cup size increase. A pressure splint is then used after the procedure to ensure that the fat remains in place and assists in promoting regeneration of the transferred fat and stem cells.

There are several advantages to Natural Breast Augmentation. Saline or silicone implants which are considered the standard for cosmetic breast augmentation and reconstruction show complication rates to be as high as 25% with a re-operation rate of 100% at 10 years. Additionally, implants can obscure 15-50% of normal breast tissue on screening mammography making early detection or follow-up of cancer difficult.

Fatty tissue does not exhibit reactive inflammation, rejection, or autoimmune disease. Natural Breast Augmentation results in excellent cosmetic result including a natural feel to the breasts that is reproducible and permanent. Unlike implants this procedure will not interfere with future mammograms. The procedure, performed in conjunction with liposuction allows artistic body re-contouring to complement breast augmentation for a new total-body look.

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Liposuction Fat Leftovers Can Be Easily Converted to Stem Cells

Globs of human fat removed during liposuction conceal versatile cells that are more quickly and easily coaxed to become induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPS cells, than are the skin cells most often used by researchers, according to a new study from Stanford’s School of Medicine. 30-40% of Americans are obese.

Thirty to 40 percent of adults in this country are obese,” agreed cardiologist Joseph Wu, MD, PhD, the paper’s senior author. “Not only can we start with a lot of cells, we can reprogram them much more efficiently. Fibroblasts, or skin cells, must be grown in the lab for three weeks or more before they can be reprogrammed. But these stem cells from fat are ready to go right away.”

The fact that the cells can also be converted without the need for mouse-derived “feeder cells” may make them an ideal starting material for human therapies. Feeder cells are often used when growing human skin cells outside the body, but physicians worry that cross-species contamination could make them unsuitable for human use.

Even those of us who are not obese would probably be happy to part with a couple of pounds (or more) of flab. Nestled within this unwanted latticework of fat cells and collagen are multipotent cells called adipose, or fat, stem cells. Unlike highly specialized skin-cell fibroblasts, these cells in the fat have a relatively wide portfolio of differentiation options—becoming fat, bone or muscle as needed. It’s this pre-existing flexibility, the researchers believe, that gives these cell an edge over the skin cells.

“These cells are not as far along on the differentiation pathway, so they’re easier to back up to an earlier state,” said first author and postdoctoral scholar Ning Sun, PhD, who conducted the research in both Longaker’s and Wu’s laboratories. “They are more embryonic-like than fibroblasts, which take more effort to reprogram.”

These reprogrammed iPS cells are usually created by expressing four genes, called Yamanaka factors, normally unexpressed (or expressed at very low levels) in adult cells.

Sun found that the fat stem cells actually express higher starting levels of two of the four reprogramming genes than do adult skin cells—suggesting that these cells are already primed for change. When he added all four genes, about 0.01 percent of the skin-cell fibroblasts eventually became iPS cells but about 0.2 percent of the fat stem cells did so—a 20-fold improvement in efficiency.

The new iPS cells passed the standard tests for pluripotency:

“Imagine if we could isolate fat cells from a patient with some type of congenital cardiac disease,” said Wu. “We could then differentiate them into cardiac cells, study how they respond to different drugs or stimuli and see how they compare to normal cells. This would be a great advance.”

“The field now needs to move forward in ways that the Food and Drug Administration would approve —with cells that can be efficiently reprogrammed without the risk of cross-species contamination—and Stanford is an ideal place for that to happen.”