Confirmation of ultra-high energy molecules with 500 times the bond energy of a triple carbon bond

Metastable Innershell Molecular State (MIMS), an innershell-bound ultra-high-energy molecule, was previously proposed to explain a ∼40% efficiency of soft-X-ray generation in ∼0.05 keV/amu nanoparticle impact on solids. Here, the MIMS model has been extended and applied to interpreting the experimental K-shell X-ray satellite spectra for more than 40 years in keV-MeV/amu heavy-ion impact on solids. The binding energies of the K-shell MIMS of elements from Al to Ti were determined to be 80–200 eV. The successful extension of the model to the K-shell MIMS confirms that all elements in the periodic table and their combinations are subjected to the MIMS formation. Uranium and gold should have MIMS with bond energies in the range of 4000 eV.

In 2012, buckyball ions (C60+) were impacted on an Al target in an independent tabletop apparatus. The experiment detected X-ray photons off-axis of the C60+ ion beam, thus unambiguously proving the signals resulted from X-ray photons and confirmed the high X-ray energy conversion efficiency.

All elements can form molecules with Metastable Innershell Molecular State (MIMS) under high pressures that are 100 million times regular atmostpheric pressure.

MIMS radiation mechanism can be exploited for generating unprecedentedly intense x-rays that are presently beyond the reach of the state-of-the-art X-ray generation technologies. Therefore, the MIMS model and its energy-efficient generation methods potentially open a new scientific field: High Energy Molecular Physics and Chemistry, as well as provide a pathway for practical utilization of high intensity X-ray beams for a wide range of innovative applications.

Metastable innershell molecular state (MIMS) III: The universal binding energy and bond length of the homonucleus K-shell MIMS

The strongest regular chemical bond is about 9 eV (HC-CH triple carbon bond)

Los Alamos is working on a miniature explosively-driven shock tube, based on the Voitenko compressor design. The goal of producing shock speeds in light gases in excess of 80 km/s. Voitenko compressors over 1 meter in diameter have been reported but here experiments on a shock tube with a ~1-mm bore diameter are presented. A design with a 12.7 mm diameter explosive pellet drives a metal plate into a hemispherical gas compression chamber. In 2013, the results were speeds of 16 km/s. Modifications to the design and additional experimentsvare underway to increase jet velocity to the desired ~80 km/s range.

Theoretical superexplosives and pathway to nuclear fusion

Nextbigfuture covered the metastable innershell molecular state work back in 2009. It has the potential to make super explosives. It could be used to replace the nuclear fission trigger of a nuclear fusion bomb. If this was done there would be very little nuclear fallout.

Friedwardt Winterberg had an update on his microfusion rocket design.

There is a lot of interesting material in his advanced deuterium rocket, but this will focus on the Appendix where he considers the possibility of replacing the nuclear fission trigger of a nuclear fusion bomb with an alternative. It is the nuclear fission bomb part of a nuclear bomb that produces the nuclear fallout.

Winterberg is working with the Bae Institute on Metastable innershell molecular state (MIMS). MIMS is also the basis of the conjectured super non-nuclear explosive. The Bae institute indicates that they have experimentally confirmed MIMS. Winterbergs theory is that MIMS can make superexplosives along with high x-ray production as the work with the Bae institute is showing.

Bae Institute proposes in a recent paper that the existence of Metastable innershell molecular state (MIMS) was experimentally discovered by Bae et al. in hypervelocity (v over 100 km/s) impact of nanoparticles. The decay of MIMS resulted in the observed intense soft x-rays in the range of 75–100 eV in agreement with Winterberg’s recent prediction.

MIMS can be used for generating super-intense x-ray beams with unprecedented high conversion efficiency from kinetic-energy to x-ray energy, over 40%. Such super-intense x-ray beams can make inertial confinement nuclear fusion more efficient and economically viable. Metastable Innershell Molecular State (MIMS) is a new high energy density matter quantum state. MIMS exists in matters compressed “suddenly” at pressures in excess of one hundred million atmospheres.

Under normal pressure the distance of separation between two atoms in condensed matter is typically of the order 10^-8 cm, with the distance between molecules formed by the chemical binding of atoms of the same order of magnitude. As illustrated in a schematic way in Fig A1

, the electrons of the outer electron shells of two atoms undergoing a chemical binding, form a “bridge” between the reacting atoms. The formation of the bridge is accompanied in a lowering of the electric potential well for the outer shell electrons of the two reacting atoms, with the electrons feeling the attractive force of both atomic nuclei. Because of the lowering of the potential well, the electrons undergo under the emission of eV photons a transition into lower energy molecular orbits. At higher pressures, bridges between the next inner shells are formed, under the emission of soft X-rays.

Going to still higher pressures, a situation can arise as shown in Fig. A2, with the building of electron bridges between shells inside shells.

it would require a very high pressure to push two neon atoms that close to each other, but this example makes it plausible that smaller pressures exerted on heavier nuclei with many more electrons may result in a substantial lowering of the potential well for their electrons.
A pressure of p ≈ 100Mb = 10^14 dyn/cm2, can be reached with existing technology in sufficiently large volumes, with at least three possibilities:
1. Bombardment of a solid target with an intense relativistic electron- or ion beam.
2. Hypervelocity impact.
3. Bombardment of a solid target with beams or by hypervelocity impact, followed by a convergent shock wave.

To 1: This possibility was considered by Kidder who computes a pressure of 50 Megabar (Mb), if an iron plate is bombarded with a 1 MJ – 10 MeV – 10^6 A relativistic electron beam, focused down to an area of 0.1 cm2. Accordingly, a 2 MJ beam would produce 100 Megabar. Instead of using an intense relativistic electron beam, one may use an intense ion beam. It can be produced by the same high voltage technique, replacing the electron beam diode by a magnetically insulated diode.
Using intense ion beams has the additional benefit that the stopping of the ions in a target is determined by a Bragg curve, generating the maximum pressure inside the target, not on its surface.
To 2: A projectile with the density ρ ≈ 20 g/cm3, accelerated to a velocity v = 30 km/s would, upon impact, produce a pressure of p ≈100 Mb. The acceleration of the projectile to these velocities can be done by a magnetic traveling wave accelerator.
To 3: If, upon impact of either a particle beam or projectile, the pressure is less than 100 Mb, for example only of the order 10 Mb, but acting over a larger area, a tenfold increase in the pressure over a smaller area is possible by launching a convergent shock wave from the larger area on the surface of the target, onto a smaller area inside. According to Guderley , the rise in pressure in a convergent spherical shock wave goes as r −0.9 , which means that 100 Megabar could be reached by a ten-fold reduction in the radius of the convergent shock wave.

If the conjectured super-explosive consists of just one element, as is the case for the 35Br – 35Br reaction, or the 92U – 92U reaction, no special preparation for the super-explosive is needed. But as the example of Al–FeO thermite reaction shows, reactions with different atoms can release a much larger amount of energy compared to other chemical reactions. For the conjectured super-explosives this means as stated above that they have to be prepared as homogeneous mixtures of nano-particle powders, bringing the reacting atoms come as close together as possible.

For the ignition of a thermonuclear reaction one may consider the following scenario illustrated in Fig. A4. A convergent shock wave launched at the radius R = R0 into a spherical shell of outer and inner radius R0 , R1 , reaches near the radius R = R1 at a pressure of 100 Mb. After the inward moving convergent shock wave has reached the radius R = R1, an outward moving rarefaction wave is launched from the same radius R = R1 , from which an intense burst of X-rays is emitted. One can then place a thermonuclear DT target inside the cavity of the radius R = R1 , with the target bombarded, imploded, and ignited by the X-ray pulse. The ignited DT can there serve as a “hot spot” for the ignition of deuterium.

SOURCES – Arxiv, ykbcorp, Science Direct, Los Alamos National Lab